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Clinical & Lifestyle

Blood Alcohol Calculator

See how alcohol clears your system over time — an educational estimate, never a fitness-to-drive test.

Formula: Widmark with Watson body waterReviewed for accuracy on Mon, Aug 10, 2026
yrs
cm
kg

14 g of alcohol each — one 12 oz beer, 5 oz wine, or 1.5 oz spirits.

hrs

Food lowers the peak by slowing absorption. It does not speed up elimination.

Enter your details to see your result.

Key takeaways

  • This cannot tell you whether you are safe to drive, and neither can any other calculator. If you have been drinking, do not drive.4
  • Alcohol is eliminated at a roughly constant rate — about 0.015 percentage points an hour — so the only thing that lowers blood alcohol is time. Not coffee, food, a cold shower or exercise.
  • Alcohol distributes into body water, not body weight, which is why two people of the same weight can reach different concentrations from the same drinks.1
  • Impairment of reaction time, tracking and divided attention begins well below every legal limit.4
  • A heavy night can still be measurable at breakfast. At 0.015%/hour, a peak of 0.16% takes over ten hours to clear.

Understanding your result

Alcohol is eliminated at a roughly constant rate — around 0.015 percentage points per hour — regardless of how much you have drunk. That is why the only thing that lowers blood alcohol is time, and why a heavy night can still be measurable the next morning.

The range shown spans the published variation in elimination rate between people. Real variation is wider still: the same dose in the same person can produce meaningfully different concentrations on different days.

Food does not speed up elimination. It slows absorption, which lowers and delays the peak — a real effect, but a different one.

What this page is for

Never use this to decide whether to drive

Every published equation carries wide variation between people and within the same person on different days, none of them models absorption in real time, and impairment starts below any legal threshold. This calculator exists to show you the shape of alcohol metabolism — how slow it is, and how long it lasts. It is not a breathalyser and must never be used as one.

With that said, the shape is genuinely worth understanding, because almost everything people believe about sobering up is wrong. Elimination is close to linear and close to fixed. Whatever raises the peak — drinking faster, drinking on an empty stomach, being smaller — does not change how quickly it comes back down.

How the estimate is built

Erik Widmark's equation, published in the 1930s, is still the basis of forensic alcohol calculation.2 It divides the mass of alcohol consumed by the mass of body it distributes into, then subtracts what has been eliminated since drinking began.

Widmark's original used a fixed factor per sex to represent that volume of distribution. This calculator uses Watson's total body water equations instead, which estimate it from height, weight, age and sex.1 That is the better approach because alcohol dissolves in water and not in fat, so body composition — not sex as such — is what actually governs the concentration reached.

What goes into the estimate.
StepWhat it does
Standard drinks × 14 gConverts drinks to grams of ethanol3
Watson total body waterEstimates the litres of water the alcohol spreads into1
× 0.806Blood is about 80.6% water, converting body-water concentration to blood concentration
− 0.015 × hoursSubtracts elimination since the first drink

The result is shown as a range rather than a single figure, spanning the published spread of elimination rates from roughly 0.012 to 0.020 percentage points per hour. Real variation is wider than that, which is the point of showing a range at all.

What counts as one standard drink

One US standard drink — 14 grams of pure alcohol.
DrinkServingStrength
Regular beer12 fl oz (355 mL)5% ABV
Malt liquor8–9 fl oz (250 mL)7% ABV
Table wine5 fl oz (150 mL)12% ABV
Fortified wine3–4 fl oz (100 mL)17% ABV
Spirits1.5 fl oz (44 mL)40% ABV

The serving is the thing people get wrong

Craft beer at 7–9% ABV in a 16 oz can is between two and three standard drinks, not one. A cocktail made with two spirits is two. Counting glasses rather than standard drinks is the most common reason an estimate comes out far too low.

Why nothing speeds up elimination

Around 90% of the alcohol you drink is metabolised in the liver, mostly by alcohol dehydrogenase converting it to acetaldehyde. That enzyme system is saturated at very low concentrations, which means it works at essentially its maximum rate the whole time there is alcohol present. More alcohol does not make it work faster; it simply takes longer.

  • Coffee does not change elimination. It can make an intoxicated person feel alert while leaving them just as impaired — arguably more dangerous than being visibly drunk.
  • Food slows absorption, lowering and delaying the peak. Eaten after drinking it does almost nothing.
  • Exercise and sweating clear a negligible fraction. Around 5–10% leaves through breath, sweat and urine, and that share does not increase meaningfully with activity.
  • Cold showers and fresh air change alertness, not blood alcohol.
  • Vomiting removes only what is still in the stomach, not what has already been absorbed.

Terms used on this page

Widmark factor
The fraction of body mass that alcohol distributes into — historically a fixed constant per sex, around 0.68 for men and 0.55 for women. This calculator estimates it from body water instead, which handles differences in body composition that a fixed constant cannot.
Total body water
All the water in the body, roughly 50–60% of mass in adults. Alcohol dissolves in it and not in fat, so it is the volume that determines what concentration a given dose produces.
Zero-order elimination
Clearance at a fixed amount per unit of time rather than a fixed percentage. Alcohol behaves this way at all but the very lowest concentrations, which is why the decline is a straight line rather than a curve.

The formula

Watson total body water (male)
TBW = 2.447 − 0.09516 × age + 0.1074 × height(cm) + 0.3362 × weight(kg)
Watson total body water (female)
TBW = −2.097 + 0.1069 × height(cm) + 0.2466 × weight(kg)
Blood alcohol
BAC% = (alcohol(g) × 0.806) / (TBW(L) × 10) − 0.015 × hours
0.806 is the water fraction of blood; 0.015 %/hour is the typical elimination rate
Worked example
  1. Man, 30 years, 180 cm, 70 kg → TBW ≈ 42.5 L
  2. Three standard drinks = 42 g of alcohol
  3. Peak = (42 × 0.806) / 425 ≈ 0.080%
  4. After 2 hours: 0.080 − (0.015 × 2)
Result: ≈ 0.050% — and still falling for over three more hours

Source: Widmark with Watson body water. Published clinical/scientific formula.

Limitations

  • This cannot tell you whether you are safe or legal to drive, and no calculator can. If you have been drinking, do not drive.
  • Impairment of reaction time, judgement and divided attention begins well below any legal threshold, and is not the same thing as blood alcohol concentration.
  • The model assumes alcohol has been fully absorbed and distributed. In the first 30–90 minutes of drinking, the real figure can be well above or below this estimate.
  • It does not account for tolerance, liver disease, medications, or the substantial day-to-day variation within the same person.
  • Standard drink sizes vary by country. This calculator uses the US standard drink of 14 g; a UK unit is 8 g.

References

Not medical advice. This calculator is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical guidance. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about your health. Read the full medical disclaimer.

Reviewed for accuracy on Mon, Aug 10, 2026